共轴式无人直遥测自适应帧同步器及性能分析

某共轴式双旋翼无人直升机(简称无人直)遥测帧同步器以EPROM完成帧同步图样的相关检测,以软件实现帧同步逻辑和各种控制,以FPGA构成外围电路,能够自动适应无人机在不同工作状态下传送不同帧长和不同格式的遥测数据,并能支持较高的码速率(可达4 Mbps).通过性能分析,优化设计了各种帧同步参数.经过试飞,证明该遥测帧同步器性能良好,工作稳定,符合设计要求.     

多通道投影图像的几何自动拼接技术

以低端摄像头产品为测量元件构造了实用的可扩展的多通道投影图像自动拼接系统;利用二次校准方法细化求解一致性矩阵,在投影屏幕上实现了多通道投影图像间的几何无缝拼接;特征图案的正确选择和二次校准方法最大限度地降低了摄像头性能对校准精度的影响;在满足相邻投影图像有重叠区域和摄像头能拍摄到重叠区域两个基本条件时,系统可实现自动拼接校准.实验表明,二次校准方法使校准时间明显缩短,使校准精度达到了亚像素级;低端摄像头、高效率的特征提取方法和一致性矩阵求解算法使系统扩展成本大大降低.      

机载导弹空中二次快速传递对准方法研究

针对机载导弹GPS/SINS组合导航系统,提出了一种空中动基座二次快速传递对准方法。该方法在对准第1阶段采用速度加姿态变化量匹配方法,主要完成航向对准,同时初步进行水平对准;在对准第2阶段采用速度匹配方法,其任务是在第1次传递对准的基础上,进一步完成水平对准。第2次传递对准可在数秒钟之内完成,因而缩短了携弹对准飞行时间。第2次的水平对准摆脱了机翼挠性变形的影响,提高了水平对准精度。仿真结果表明了方法的有效性。     

An optimal beam alignment method for large-scale distributed space surveillance radar system

Large-scale distributed space surveillance radar is a very important ground-based equipment to maintain a complete catalogue for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space debris. However, due to the thousands of kilometers distance between each sites of the distributed radar system, how to optimally implement the Transmitting/Receiving (T/R) beams alignment in a great space using the narrow beam, which proposed a special and considerable technical challenge in the space surveillance area. According to the common coordinate transformation model and the radar beam space model, we presented a two dimensional projection algorithm for T/R beam using the direction angles, which could visually describe and assess the beam alignment performance. Subsequently, the optimal mathematical models for the orientation angle of the antenna array, the site location and the T/R beam coverage are constructed, and also the beam alignment parameters are precisely solved. At last, we conducted the optimal beam alignment experiments base on the site parameters of Air Force Space Surveillance System (AFSSS). The simulation results demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of our novel method, which can significantly stimulate the construction for the LEO space debris surveillance equipment.     

SINS任意失准角无奇异快速传递对准

针对战术级捷联惯导系统(SINS)任意失准角下的快速传递对准，提出一种直接姿态矩阵线性矩阵卡尔曼滤波的传递对准算法。首先，利用姿态矩阵描述姿态，将传统大、小失准角条件下的强非线性、线性滤波对准问题统一转化为一个线性滤波问题；然后，采用矩阵形式卡尔曼滤波对状态进行估计，得到一种线性矩阵滤波对准算法，可以在任意失准角、无初值条件下完成对准；最后，推导姿态矩阵正交约束条件下滤波算法的最优实现。仿真结果表明，算法适用于任意失准角下的传递对准，在摇摆运动下，可以在10 s内完成快速传递对准，水平精度达到0.02°(误差均方根)以内，航向精度达到0.03°(误差均方根)以内。     

主子惯导坐标系失调动态估计补偿方法研究

本文研究了船体静态变形角、动态变形角引起的主子惯导坐标系失调角动态补偿方法。研究表明：速度加姿态匹配能够在线估计补偿船体静态变形引起的主子惯导坐标系失调角,角速度匹配传递对准方法能够在线估计补偿船体静态变形、动态变形引起的主子惯导坐标系失调角,两种匹配传递对准方法适用条件均受海况环境影响。     

晃动基座初始对准环境建模与仿真

针对火箭初始对准时存在外界扰动,提出一种适用于风扰动的初始对准环境建模与仿真方法,可用于运载火箭扰动环境下初始对准仿真验证.根据风场特性和振动理论,分别建立了地面风和风干扰下的箭体振动模型,实现了晃动基座下的环境仿真和对捷联惯组测量输出的模拟.仿真结果显示,箭体振动特性与实测值一致,所模拟的惯组输出与箭体晃动吻合,表明模型正确有效.该方法能够为晃动环境下初始对准仿真研究提供更加符合实际特性的数据源.     

惯性/里程计组合导航无地标行进中自主对准

载车行进中自主对准可有效缩短机动前准备时间,提高姿态对准精度以及对准过程中无地标自主定位精度是关键。本文提出一种里程计辅助捷联惯导系统行进中对准算法,推导了行进中精对准滤波模型以及对准过程中无地标自主定位算法。为缩短对准时间、减小由于航向角误差未收敛时造成的定位误差,利用回溯法将粗对准过程存储数据用于精对准过程,且回溯法仅需存储少量数据适合于工程应用。车载实测数据分析表明算法可同时实现行进中自主对准与对准过程中无地标自主定位,有效提高了载车快速机动能力,航向角对准精度优于1 mil,对准过程中无地标自主定位精度优于0.3%行程。     

Research on uncertainty in measurement assisted alignment in aircraft assembly

Operations in assembling and joining large size aircraft components are changed to novel digital and flexible ways by digital measurement assisted alignment.Positions and orientations（P＆O）of aligned components are critical characters which assure geometrical positions and relationships of those components.Therefore,evaluating the P＆O of a component is considered necessary and critical for ensuring accuracy in aircraft assembly.Uncertainty of position and orientation（U-P＆O）,as a part of the evaluating result of P＆O,needs to be given for ensuring the integrity and credibility of the result;furthermore,U-P＆O is necessary for error tracing and quality evaluating of measurement assisted aircraft assembly.However,current research mainly focuses on the process integration of measurement with assembly,and usually ignores the uncertainty of measured result and its influence on quality evaluation.This paper focuses on the expression,analysis,and application of U-P＆O in measurement assisted alignment.The geometrical and algebraical connotations of U-P＆O are presented.Then,an analytical algorithm for evaluating the multi-dimensional U-P＆O is given,and the effect factors and characteristics of U-P＆O are discussed.Finally,U-P＆O is used to evaluate alignment in aircraft assembly for quality evaluating and improving.Cases are introduced with the methodology.     

新型快速传递对准方法

针对惯性导航系统的动基座传递对准问题,提出了速度加姿态加角速率组合匹配法.用来自主、子惯导的3组参数信息作观测量,通过卡尔曼滤波法迅速准确地估计出失准角及安装误差角等状态量,以便精确地对子惯导系统进行初始化.根据传递对准的基本原理,设计了载体结构挠曲运动统计模型,建立了状态方程及量测方程.同条件仿真结果表明:这种方法与速度加姿态匹配和速度加角速率匹配的对准精度相当,但估计速度约为这两种方法的2倍.可用于机载或舰载战术导弹武器系统,有效减小导航误差和制导误差.